Hi,
First check that it's not just a problem of setting that have been reset.
Is the USB over midi enabled ?
Read part 3 here :
http://ixox.fr/preenfm2/manual/menu-mode/(But as you say USB stick is not visible through the boot loader mode, i doubt...).
Look at the schema in this thread
http://ixox.fr/forum/index.php?topic=69270.0and check the external USB is still connected to the pin 38 and 39 of the preenF405... (I assume you have a preenF405 and not a CERB40 MCU board)
There's no USB specific chip, USB devices are integrated in the main MCU (microcontroller unit / stm32F4)
There are 2 : 1 for the external USB and one for the USB stick.
I never saw a broken USB on a working MCU.
If that appears to be the case, then you have to change the whole preenF405.
Xavier